You'll find these scientific resources referenced all throughout the site.

 

Full Articles:
1. Silverman, Michael D. DMD. Oral Sedation Dentistry: A Safe and Effective Way to Reduce Visit Anxiety. Dear Doctor - Dentistry & Oral Health. Vol. 2. Issue 2.
2. Goodchild, Jason H. DMD; Anthony S. Feck, DMD, FDOCS; Michael D. Silverman, DMD, DICOI, DDOCS. Anxiolysis in General Dental Practice.
3. AGD Enteral Conscious Sedation Conference. Academy of General Dentistry GD White Paper on Enteral Conscious Sedation. General Dentistry. September-October 2006. 301.304.
4. Silverman, Michael D. DMD. Beyond Valiumâ„¢ An Introduction to Oral Sedation Dentistry.
5. Silverman, Michael D. DMD. Panic to Profit I. Dent Econ. Aug 2003.
6. Silverman, Michael D. DMD. Panic to Profit II. Dent Econ. Sept 2003.
7. Silverman, Michael D. DMD. Panic to Profit III. Dent Econ. Oct 2003.
8. Silverman, Michael D. DMD. Six Steps to Painless and Profitable Dentistry. Dent Econ. Apr 2008.

Abstracts:
9. Moller, Hans-Jurgen MD. Effectiveness and Safety of Benzodiazepines. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. Vol. 19, No. 6, Suppl 2, 2S-12S.
10. Gordon, S. M. (2007). Evidence of safety for individualized dosing of enteral sedation. General Dentistry. 2007; 55(5):410-5 (ISSN: 0363-6771).
11. Kronbach, Thomas; Mathys, Daniel; Umeno, Morio; Gonzalez, Frank J.; Meyer, Urs A. Oxidation of Midazolam and Triazolam by Human Liver Cytochrome P450IIIA4. Molecular Pharmacology. 36:89-96.
12. Berthold, Charles DDS, MS; Schneider, Adam; Dionne, RA DDS, PhD. Using Triazolam to Reduce Dental Anxiety. JADA. Vol. 124. November 1993. Pg. 58-64.
13. Baker, Karen A. RPh, MS. Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Selected Implants and Devices. Journal of the California Dental Association 2000.
14. Little JW ; Falace DA ; Miller CS ; Rhodus NL. Antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry: an update. Gen Dent. 2008; 56(1):20-8.
15. Goodchild, Jason H. DMD; Dickinson, Scott C. DMD. Anxiolysis in dental practice: a report of three cases. General Dentistry. May-June 2004. Pg. 264-269.
16. Mazaheri R ; Eshghi A ; Bashardoost N ; Kavyani N. Assessment of intranasal midazolam administration with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg in behavior management of uncooperative children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2008; 32(2):95-9 (ISSN: 1053-4628).
17. Alberto Alonso-Fernández, PhD; Francisco García-Río, PhD; Miguel A. Racionero, PhD; José M. Pino, PhD; Fernando Ortuño, MD; Isabel Martínez, MD; José Villamor, PhD . Cardiac Rhythm Disturbances and ST-Segment Depression Episodes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and Its Mechanisms. CHEST. 2005;127(1):15-22.
18. Weaver, Christopher MD; Hauter, William MD; Brizendine, Edward MS; Cordell, William MD. Emergency Department Procedural Sedation with Propofol: Is it Safe? J Emerg Med. 2007;33(4):355-361.
19. Gomes, Eva Rebelo; Demoly, Pascal. Epidemiology of Hypersensitivity Drug Reactions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;5(4):309-316.
20. Harkavy, J., Kleinknecht, R.A., McGlynn, F.D., & Thorndike, R.M. (1984). Factor analysis of the dental fear survey with cross-validation. J Am Dent Assoc. 108(1), 59-61.
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22. Goodchild, J DMD, Donaldson, M PharmD. Hallucinations and Delirium in the Dental Office Following Triazolam Administration. Anesth Prog. 52:17–20 2005.
23. Masica, Andrew L. MD; Mayo, Gail RN; Wilkinson, Grant R. PhD, DSc. In vivo comparison of constitutive cytochrome P450 3A activity assessed by alprazolam, triazolam, and midazolam. Clin Pharm & Therap. 2004;76(4):341-9.
24. Jackson, Douglass L. DMD, MS, PhD; Johnson, Barton S DDS MS. Inhalational and enteral conscious sedation for the adult dental patient. The Dental Clinics of North America . Vol 46 (2002) 781-802.
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26. Kupietzky A, Holan G, Shapira J. Intranasal midazolam better at effecting amnesia after sedation than oral hydroxyzine: a pilot study. Pediatr Dent. 1996 Jan-Feb;18(1):32-4. [PMID: 8668567].
27. Lacoste L; Bouquet S; Ingrand P; Caritez JC; Carretier M; Debaene B. Intranasal midazolam in piglets: pharmacodynamics (0.2 vs 0.4 mg/kg) and pharmacokinetics (0.4 mg/kg) with bioavailability determination. Lab Anim. 2000; 34(1):29-35 (ISSN: 0023-6772).
28. Dale O; Nilsen T; Loftsson T; Hjorth Tønnesen H; Klepstad P; Kaasa S; Holand T; Djupesland PG. Intranasal midazolam: a comparison of two delivery devices in human volunteers. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006; 58(10):1311-8 (ISSN: 0022-3573).
29. Gudmundsdottir H ; Sigurjonsdottir JF ; Masson M ; Fjalldal O ; Stefansson E ; Loftsson T. Intranasal administration of midazolam in a cyclodextrin based formulation: bioavailability and clinical evaluation in humans. Pharmazie. 2001; 56(12):963-6 (ISSN: 0031-7144).
30. Lloyd CJ ; Alredy T ; Lowry JC. Intranasal midazolam as an alternative to general anaesthesia in the management of children with oral and maxillofacial trauma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000; 38(6):593-595 (ISSN: 0266-4356).
31. Lloyd CJ; Alredy T; Lowry JC. Management of children with oral and maxillofacial trauma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000; 38(6):593-595 (ISSN: 0266-4356).
32. Emery, Robert W. DDS; Guttenberg, Steven A DDS. Management priorities and treatment strategies for medical emergencies in the dental office. Dent Clin N Am. Vol. 43, No. 3. 1999. 401-419.
33. Goodchild, Jason H DMD; Donaldson, Mark PharmD. Maximum cumulative doses of sedation medications for in-office use. General Dentistry. March-April 2007. 143-149.
34. Olkkola KT ; Ahonen J. Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008; (182):335-60 (ISSN: 0171-2004).
35. Scheepers M; Scheepers B; Clough P. Midazolam via the intranasal route: an effective rescue medication for severe epilepsy in adults with learning disability. Seizure. 1998; 7(6):509-12 (ISSN: 1059-1311).
36. Kershaw, Sarah. My Root Canal? It's a Blur. The New York Times. March 6, 2008.
37. Newton CR; White PS. Nasal manipulation with intravenous sedation. Is it an acceptable and effective treatment? Rhinology. 1998; 36(3):114-6 (ISSN: 0300-0729).
38. Wilson MT ; Macleod S ; O'Regan ME. Nasal/buccal midazolam use in the community. Arch Dis Child. 2004; 89(1):50-1 (ISSN: 1468-2044).
39. Glick, Michael, DMD. New Guidelines for Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JADA. Vol. 129. Nov. 1998. 1588-1594.
40. Ray, Wayne A. Ph.D.; Murray, Katherine T. M.D.; Meredith, Sarah M.B., B.S.; Narasimhulu, Sukumar Suguna M.B., B.S., M.P.H.; Hall, Kathi M.S.; Stein, C. Michael M.B., Ch.B. Oral Erythromycin and the Risk of Sudden Death from Cardiac Causes. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1089-96.
41. Donaldson, Mark BScPhm, RPh, PhrmD; Gizzarelli, Gino BScPhm, DDS, MSc; Chanpong, Brian DDS, MSc. Oral Sedation: a primer on anxiolysis for the Adult Patient. Anest Prog. 54: 118-129 2007.
42. Flanagan, Dennis DDS, MAGD, ABGD. Oral Triazolam Sedation in Implant Dentistry. Journal of Oral Implantology. Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 93–97.
43. Bamias, Aristotle; Kstritis, Efstathios; Bamia, Christina; Moulopoulos, Lia A.; Melakopoulos, Ioannis; Bozas, George; Koutsoukou, Vassiliki; Gika, Dimitra; Anagnostopoulos, Athanasios; Papdimitrious, Christos; Terpos, Evagelos; Dimopoulos, Meletios A. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Cancer After Treatment With Bisphosphonates: Incidence and Risk Factors. J Clin Oncology. Vol 23 (34). Dec 2005. 8580-8587.
44. Friedlander AH ; Marder SR ; Sung EC ; Child JS. Panic disorder: psychopathology, medical management and dental implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004; 135(6):771-8; quiz 796-7 (ISSN: 0002-8177).
45. Jackson, Douglass L. DMD, MS, PhD; Milgrom, Peter DDS; Heacox, Gail A. RDH, BS; Kharasch, Evan D. MD, PhD [S]. Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Effects of Multidose Sublingual Triazolam in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Psychopharmacology. 26(1):4-8, February 2006.
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48. Garzone, Pamela D; Kroboth, Patricia. Pharmacokinetics of the newer benzodiazepines. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 1989;16:337-364 (1989).
49. Burstein AH ; Modica R ; Hatton M ; Forrest A ; Gengo FM. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam after intranasal administration. J Clin Pharmacol. 1997; 37(8):711-8 (ISSN: 0091-2700).
50. Taljaard A, Diedericks J, Venter L, Kruger P, Joubert G. Premedication from a patient perspective--morphine, midazolam, hydroxyzine and placebo compared. S Afr Med J. 2002 Sep;92(9):711-2. [PMID: 12382354]
51. Karabas LV ; Elibol O ; Yüksel N ; Gürkan Y ; Altintas O ; Caglar Y. Probing for nasolacrimal duct obstruction using intranasal midazolam sedation as an alternative to general anesthesia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2006; 43(2):79-84; quiz 100-1 (ISSN: 0191-3913).
52. Feck, Anthony S. DMD; Goodchild, Jason H DMD. Rehabilitation of a fearful dental patient with oral sedation: Utilizing the incremental oral administration technique. General Dentistry. January-February 2005; 22-26.
53. Abrams R; Morrison JE; Villasenor A; Hencmann D; Da Fonseca M; Mueller W. Safety and effectiveness of intranasal administration of sedative medications (ketamine, midazolam, or sufentanil) for urgent brief pediatric dental procedures. Anesth Prog. 1993; 40(3):63-6 (ISSN: 0003-3006).
54. Greenberg, Barbara L MSc, PhD; Click, Michael DMD; Goodchild, Jason DMD; Duda, Peter W. DMD; Conte, Nicholas R DMD; Conte, Michael DMD, MPH. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors in a dental setting. JADA. Vol. 138. June 2007.
55. Goodchild, Jason H DMD; Markus, Steve DMD. Sedation as an Adjunct to Oral Rehabilitation in a Fearful Patient. Contemporary Esthetics and Restorative Practice. December 2003. 2-10.
56. Shapira J, Holan G, Botzer E, Kupietzky A, Tal E, Fuks AB. The effectiveness of midazolam and hydroxyzine as sedative agents for young pediatric dental patients. ASDC J Dent Child. 1996 Nov-Dec;63(6):421-5.
57. Amy L Baxter, MD. Topical Anesthetics in Children. CME. Published Feb. 19, 2008.
58. Quarnstrom, Fred W. DDS, FAGD; Donaldson, Mark B.Sc. (Pharm), PharmD. Triazolam use in the dental setting: a report of 270 uses over 15 years. General Dentistry. November-December 2004. pg. 434-439.
59. Flanagan, Dennis DDS, MAGD, ABGD. Understanding the grapefruit-drug interaction. General Dentistry. July/Aug 2005. 282-285.
60. Uzun S ; Dal D. Unexpected complications of intranasal midazolam premedication. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007; 17(8):817-8 (ISSN: 1155-5645).
61. Zanette G ; Facco E ; Manani G. The use of intranasal midazolam in the treatment of paediatric dental patients. Anaesthesia. 2008; 63(8):887 (ISSN: 1365-2044).
62. Ganzberg, S Dietrich, T Valerin, M Beck, FM. Zaleplon (Sonata) Oral Sedation for Outpatient Third Molar Extraction Surgery. Anesthesia Progress. Volume 52, Number 4 December 2005 pages 128-131.
63. Goodchild, Jason H, Glick, Michael. A different approach to medical risk assessment. Endodontic Topics. 2003; 4, 1-8.
64. Sheroan MM, Dilley DC, Lucas WJ, Vann WF. A prospective study of 2 sedation regimens in children: chloral hydrate, meperidine, and hydroxyzine versus midazolam, meperidine, and hydroxyzine. Anesth Prog. 2006; Fall;53(3):83-90.
65. Ferguson, Kathleen A. BSc, MD, FCCP; Takasht, Ono DDS, PhD; Lowe, Alan A. DMD, PhD; Keenan, Sean P. MD; Fleetham, John A. MD. A Randomized Crossover Study of an Oral Appliance vs. Nasal-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Mild-Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Chest. Vol 109(5). May 1996. 1269-1275.
66. Roth T ; Roehrs TA. A review of the safety profiles of benzodiazepine hypnotics. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991; 52 Suppl:38-41 (ISSN: 0160-6689).
67. Wilson, KE; Welbury RR; Girdler, NM. A study of the effectiveness of oral midazolam sedation for orthodontic extraction of permanent teeth in children: a prospective, randomised, controlled, crossover trial. British Dental Journal. Vol. 192, No. 8, 457.
68. Kroboth, Patricia D.; Bertz, Richard J.; Smith, Randall B. Acute Tolerance to Triazolam During Continuous and Step Infusion: Estimate of the Effect Offrate Constant. Journ of Pharm and Exp Thera. 1993. Vol 263(3):1047-1055.
69. Longo, Lance P MD. Addiction Part I: Benzodiazepine--side effects, abuse risk, and alternatives. American Family Physician. April 2000. Vol 61 (7).
70. Gazmuri, Raul J. MD. Airway Management during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: a Shifting Paradigm. Critical Care Medicine. Jan. 1999. Vol 27 (1).
71. McIlwain M ; Primosch R ; Bimstein E. Allergic reaction to intranasal midazolam HCl: a case report. Pediatr Dent. 2004; 26(4):359-61 (ISSN: 0164-1263).
72. Deegan, Alan E DDS, MSD. Anesthesia Morbidity and Mortality, 1988-1999 Claims Statistics from AAMOS National Insurance Company. Anest Prog. 48:89-92 2001.
73. ADA, American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons. Advisory Statement: Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Dental Patients with Total Joint Replacement. JADA. Vol 128, July 1997. 1004-1008.
74. Tong, Darryl C DBS, MDS; Rothwell, Bruce R DMD, MSD. Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dentistry: A Review and Practical Recommendations. JADA. Vol 131, March 200. 366-374.
75. Dionne, R.A., Gordon, S.M., McCullagh, L.M., & Phero, J.C. (1998). Assessing the need for anesthesia and sedation in the general population. JADA. 129, 167-173.
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78. Dionne, R.A., DDS, PhD; Yagiela, John A. DDS, PhD; Cote, Charles J, MD; Donaldson, Mark PharmD; Edwards, Michael DMD; Greenblatt, David J, MD; Haas, Daniel DDS, PhD; Maviya, Shobha, MD; Milgrom, Peter DDS; Moore, Paul A. DMD, PhD, MPH; Shampaine, Guy DDS; Balancing efficacy and safety in the use of oral sedation in dental outpatients. JADA. 2006;137;502-513.
79. Yim, L. (2006). Belonephobia: A fear of needles. Aust Fam Physician. 35(8), 623-624.
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86. Homes, James F DMD; Panacek, Edward A. MD; Sakles, John C MD; Brofeldt, Bo Tomas MD. Comparison of 2 Cricothyrotomy Techniques: Standard Method Versus Rapid 4-step Technique. Annals of Emerg Med. Vol 32 (4), Oct 1998.
87. Kaufman, Eliezar DMD; Hargreaves, Kenneth M. DDS, PhD; Dionne, RA DDS, PhD. Comparison of Oral Triazolam and nitrous with placebo and intravenous diazepam for outpatient medication. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. Vol. 75, No. 2, Pg.156-164.
88. Heniff, Melanie S. MD; Moore, Gregory P. MD; Trout, Anne LAT; Cordell, William H. MD; Nelson, David R. MS. Comparison of Routes of Flumazenil Administration to Reverse Midazolam Induced Respiratory Depression in a Canine Model. Academic Emerg Med. Vol 4 (12), Dec 1997. 1115-1118.
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130. Friedman, H; Greenblatt, DJ; Burstein, ES; Harmatz, JS; Shader, RI. Population study of triazolam pharmacokinetics. Br Clin Pharmac. (1986), 22, 639-642.
131. Salmon, A, et al. Potential Carcinogenicity of Chloral Hydrate-A Review. Clinical Toxicology. 33(20, 115-121 1995).
132. Leibovici, Dan MD; Fredman, Brian MD; Gofrit, Ofer N. MD; Shemer, Joshua MD; Blumenfeld, Amir MD; Shapira, Shmuel, C MD. Prehospital Cricothyroidotomy by Physicians. Am J Emergency Med. Vol 15 (1) Jan 1997.
133. Pallasch TJ. Principals of Pharmacotherapy: Pharmacokinetics. Ane Prog. 35: 133-146 1988.
134. Griffiths, Roland R.; Lamb, Richard J.; Ator, Nancy A.; Roache John D.; Brady, Joseph V. Relative Abuse Liability of Triazolam--Experimental Assessment in Animals and Humans. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews. Vol 9. 133-151. 1985.
135. Moore, Paul A. DMD, PhD, Goodson, J. Max DDS, PhD. Risk Appraisal of Narcotic Sedation for Children. Anest Prog. July/Aug 1985. 129-140.
136. Garcia-Rio, Francisco PhD; Racionero, Miguel A phD; Pino, Jose M PhD; Martinez, Isabel MD; Ortuno, Fernando MD; Villasante, Carlos MD; Villamor, Jose PhD. Sleep Apnea and Hypertension: the role of peripheral chemoreceptors and the sympathetic system. CHEST. Vol 17(2). May 2000.
137. Walls, Ron M. MD; Pollack, Charles V. MA, MD. Successful Cricothyrotomy after Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: a Report of Two Cases. Annals of Emergency Medicine. Vol 35(2). Feb 2000.
138. Michel, K; Arestegui,G.; Spuhler, T. Suicide with Psychotropic Drugs in Switzerland. Pharmacopsychist. 27 (1994) 114-118.
139. Bergman, Stuart A DDS, MS. The Benzodiazepine Receptor. Anesthesia Progress. October 1986. 213-220.
140. Bonnet MH ; Dexter JR ; Arand DL. The effect of triazolam on arousal and respiration in central sleep apnea patients. Sleep. 1990; 13(1):31-41 (ISSN: 0161-8105).
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142. Tanaka, Einosuke. Toxicological Interactions between Alcohol and Benzodiazepines. Clinical Toxicology. 40(1). 69-75 (2003).
143. Baktir, G. MS; Fisch, H.U. MD; Huguenin, P. FhD; Bircher, J. MD. Triazolam concentration-effect relationships in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. Vol 34(2). Aug 1983. 195-201.
144. Eberst, F.S. PhD; Philopoulos, Y. BS; Reinke L.M. FS; Vilek, RW. Triazolam disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther. Vol 29(1). Jan 1981. 81-93.
145. Kroboth, Patricia D. PhD; McAuley, James W. PhD; Droboth, Frank J MD; Bertz, Richard J. PhD; Smith, Randall B. PhD. Triazolam Pharmacokinetics After Intravenous, Oral, and Sublingual Administration. J Clin Psychopharmacol. Vol 15(4). Aug 1995. 259-262.
146. Engelhart, D; Lavins, E; Hazenstab, C; Sutleimer, C. Unusual Death Attributed to Combined Effects of Chloral Hydrate, Lidocaine, and Nitrous Oxide. J Analytical Toxology. Vol 22, May/June 1998. 246-248.
147. Feck, Anthony S. DMD; Goodchild, Jason H DMD. The Use of Anxiolytic Medications to Supplement Local Anesthesia in the Anxious Patient. Compendium. March 2005. Vol. 26, No. 3, 81-87.
148. Skatrud, James B. MD; Begle, Robert L. MD; Busch, Michael A. PhD. Ventilatory effects of single, high-dose triazolam in awake human subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1988;44:684-9.
Resource Links:
149. Dental Economics. (2007). Serving (and soothing) the Fearful Patient. Retrieved on February 16, 2012, from: https://www.dentaleconomics.com/practice/article/16391959/serving-and-soothing-the-fearful-patient
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151. National Institute of Mental Health. (2008). Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Retrieved June 5, 2008, from: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad.shtml.
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153. Dental Economics. (2011). Nitrous Oxide Sedation as a Practice Builder. Retrieved on February 16, 2012, from: https://www.dentaleconomics.com/dental-office-design/equipment-and-furniture/article/16387468/nitrous-oxide-sedation-as-a-practice-builder.
154. Dental Tribune. (2010). Sedation and General Anesthesia Practices in US Vary Widely. Retrieved on February 16, 2012, from: https://us.dental-tribune.com/news/sedation-and-general-anesthesia-practices-in-u-s-dentistry-vary-widely/.
155. National Institute of Mental Health. (2008). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders/post-traumatic-stress-disorder.shtml .
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160. Malamed, Stanley DDS. Angina Pectoralis. Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office 4th Ed. St Louis: Mosby. 27:393-394.
161. Stoelting, Robert K. MD. Benzodiazepines. Pharmacology and Physicology. Lippincott-Raven: New York. 1999. 5:126-138.
162. Holroyd, Sam DDS, MS (Pharm), MS (Perio), FACD, FICD; Wynn, Richard L BS, MS, PhD; Requa-Clark, Barbara PharmD. Clinical pharmacology in dental practice. Fourth Edition. Mosby (1988).
163. Dionne, Raymond, A; Trapp, Larry D. Oral and Rectal Sedation. Management of Pain and Anxiety in the Dental Office. W.B. Saunders, Phila. 2002. 225-231.
164. Malemed, Stanley F. Oral Sedation. Sedation - A Guide to Patient Management. 3rd Ed. 1995. Pg. 101-112.
165. Trieger, Norman DMD, MD. Periodontal Infections. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Knowledge Update, Volume 1, Part II. 1995. 65-74.
166. "Coma". Stedman's Medical Dictionary: 25th Ed. Williams & Wilkins:Baltimore. 332.
167. Goodman and Gilman. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Sixth Ed. MacMillan. 269.

Newest Additions:

168. Enhanced Bioavailability of Triazolam Following Sublingual Versus Oral Administration
Joseph M. Scavone PharmD  David J. Greenblatt MD, FCP  H. Friedman MD  Richard I. Shader MD
First published: March 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1986.tb02935.x  https://accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1986.tb02935.x 

169. Kapur, A., & Kapur, V. (2018). Conscious Sedation in Dentistry. Annals of maxillofacial surgery, 8(2), 320–323. https://journals.lww.com/aoms/Fulltext/2018/08020/Conscious_Sedation_in_Dentistry.28.aspx 

170. Appukuttan D. P. (2016). Strategies to manage patients with dental anxiety and dental phobia: literature review. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry, 8, 35–50. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S63626 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4790493/

171. Sharma, A., Pant, R., Priyadarshi, S., Agarwal, N., Tripathi, S., & Chaudhary, M. (2019). Cardiovascular Changes Due to Dental Anxiety During Local Anesthesia Injection for Extraction. Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery, 18(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-018-1085-4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328816/

172. A Review of the use of Flumazenil for the Reversal of Midazolam Conscious Sedation in Dentistry.  SAAD Dig.  2017; 33:13-7 (ISSN: 0049-1160) https://reference.medscape.com/medline/abstract/29616542

173. Advancing the Safe Delivery of Office-Based Dental Anesthesia and Sedation: A Comprehensive and Critical Compendium.  Anesthesiol Clin.  2019; 37(2):333-348 (ISSN: 1932-2275) https://reference.medscape.com/medline/abstract/31047133

174. Clinical Consequences of Untreated Dental Caries, Individual Characteristics, and Environmental Factors on Self-Reported Oral Health Measures in Adolescents: A Follow-Up Prevalence Study.  Caries Res.  2020; :1-9 (ISSN: 1421-976X)  Silva MP; Vettore MV; Rebelo MAB; Rebelo Vieira JM; Herkrath APCQ; Queiroz AC; Herkrath FJ; Pereira JV https://reference.medscape.com/medline/abstract/32294648

175. Raise the bar for safe sedation, not barriers for access to care Raymond A. Dionne, DDS, PhD∗ DOI: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28236889/

176. The use of prophylactic antibiotics prior to dental procedures in patients with prosthetic joints: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for dental practitioners—a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs.  Thomas P. Sollecito, Elliot Abt, Peter B. Lockhart, Edmond Truelove, Thomas M. Paumier, Sharon L. Tracy, Malavika Tampi, Eugenio D. Beltrán-Aguilar, and others. The Journal of the American Dental Association, Vol. 146, Issue 1, p11–16.e8.  Published in issue: January 2015

177. Hierarchy of restorative space required for different types of dental implant prostheses.  JADA August 2019  Volume 150, Issue 8, Pages 695–706. Joseph Carpentieri, DDS Gary Greenstein, DDS, MS John Cavallaro, DDS

178. American Diabetes Association annual report. 2016.

179. Handbook of Local Anesthesia 6th Edition by Stanley F. Malamed DDS (Author)

180. Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp 2017.

181. Social Security Administration Actuary Tables 2017.

182. AAOMS ParCare 2017. Entire report. 

183. American Association of Endodontics. Fall 2019. Endodontics and Antibiotic Updates.  1-7.

184. The Journal of the American Dental Association. Vol 128, Issue 3, March 1997. Pages 364-365. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002817714662048 [abstract] 

185. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Pulp therapy for primary and immature permanent teeth. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2020:384-92. https://www.aapd.org/media/Policies_Guidelines/BP_PulpTherapy.pdf

186. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Record-keeping. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2020:462-9. https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/bp_recordkeeping.pdf

187. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Pediatric restorative dentistry. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2020:371-83. https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/bp_restorativedent.pdf

188. Coté CJ, Wilson S. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Pediatr Dent 2019;41(4):E26-E52. https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/bp_monitoringsedation.pdf

189.  Charles J. Coté, Stephen Wilson, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures: Update 2016, Pediatrics July 2016, 138 (1) e20161212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1212[jM1] . https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/1/e20161212

190. Useful Medications for Oral Conditions. Pediatr Dent. 2017 Sep 15;39(6):492-498. PMID: 29179405. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29179405/

191. Body Mass Index (BMI) Charts, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/ P. 512-513. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/Body-mass-index-bmi-charts/

192. Growth Charts, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/ P. 506-511. https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/r_growthcharts.pdf

193. Pediatric Medical History, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/ P. 527-529. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/pediatric-medical-history/

194. Preparing for Your Child’s Sedation Visit, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/ P. 536-537. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/preparing-for-your-childs-sedation-visit/

195. Sedation Record, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/ P. 538-539. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/sedation-record/

196. Prescribing Dental Radiographs for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Individuals with Special Health Care Needs, Retrieved from AAPD April 2023. https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/bp_radiographs.pdf

197. Behavior Guidance for the Pediatric Dental Patient, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/P. 266-279. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/behavior-guidance-for-the-pediatric-dental-patient/

198. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Informed consent. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2020:470-3. https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/bp_informedconsent.pdf

199. Use of Local Anesthesia for Pediatric Dental Patients, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/P. 286-29. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/use-of-local-anesthesia-for-pediatric-dental-patients/

200. Use of Nitrous Oxide for Pediatric Dental Patients, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/P. 293-298. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/use-of-nitrous-oxide-for-pediatric-dental-patients/

201. Use of Protective Stabilization for Pediatric Dental Patients, The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry, 2019-2020/P. 280-285. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/protective-stabilization-for-the-pediatric-dental-patients/

202. Carneiro, Diego Patrik, et al. “Does Dental Trauma in Early Childhood Have the Potential to Affect the Quality of Life of Children and Families?” Revista Paulista De Pediatria, vol. 39, 3 Nov. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019329.

203.  G, Zhou Y;Cameron E;Forbes G;Humphris. “Systematic Review of the Effect of Dental Staff Behaviour on Child Dental Patient Anxiety and Behaviour.” Patient Education and Counseling, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 31 Aug. 2010, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20807676/.

204. Pickrell JE;Heima M;Weinstein P;Coolidge T;Coldwell SE;Skaret E;Castillo J;Milgrom P; “Using Memory Restructuring Strategy to Enhance Dental Behaviour.” International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 11 Oct. 2007, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17935597/.

205. FLiebrenz, Michael, et al. “High-Dose Benzodiazepine Users' Perceptions and Experiences of Anterograde Amnesia.” Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 1 Sept. 2016, https://jaapl.org/content/44/3/328.long

206.  Köhler, Thomas, and Irena Schuschel. “Changes in the Number of Active Sweat Glands (Palmar Sweat Index, PSI) during a Distressing Film.” Biological Psychology, vol. 37, no. 2, Mar. 1994, pp. 133–145., https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(94)90027-2.

207. DP, Appukuttan. “Strategies to Manage Patients with Dental Anxiety and Dental Phobia: Literature Review.” Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 10 Mar. 2016, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27022303/.

208. Kassem El Hajj H;Fares Y;Abou-Abbas L; “Assessment of Dental Anxiety and Dental Phobia among Adults in Lebanon.” BMC Oral Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 4 Feb. 2021, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33541354/.

209. Prado IM;Carcavalli L;Abreu LG;Serra-Negra JM;Paiva SM;Martins CC; “Use of Distraction Techniques for the Management of Anxiety and Fear in Paediatric Dental Practice: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.” International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 29 Sept. 2019, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30908775/.

210. Inan, Gamze, and Sevil Inal. “The Impact of 3 Different Distraction Techniques on the Pain and Anxiety Levels of Children during Venipuncture.” The Clinical Journal of Pain, vol. 35, no. 2, Feb. 2019, pp. 140–147., https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000666.

211. Camacho‐Alonso, Fabio, et al. “Impact of Audiovisual Information on Anxiety and Fear in Patients Undergoing Dental Implant Treatment.” Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, vol. 21, no. 6, 21 Dec. 2019, pp. 1189–1198., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12851.

212. Chen X; Mou X; He Z; Zhu Y. “The Effect of Midazolam on Pain Control after Knee Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 21 Nov. 2017, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29162135/.

213. JM, Ong CK; Seymour RA; Tan. “Sedation with Midazolam Leads to Reduced Pain after Dental Surgery.” Anesthesia and Analgesia, U.S. National Library of Medicine, May 2004, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15105203/.

214. Venkiteswaran A, Tandon S. Role of Hypnosis in Dental Treatment: A Narrative Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021 Apr 15;11(2):115-124. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_320_20. PMID: 34036071; PMCID: PMC8118047. ​​​​https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8118047/

215. Menziletoglu D, Guler AY, Cayır T, Isik BK. Binaural beats or 432 Hz music? which method is more effective for reducing preoperative dental anxiety? Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2021 Jan 1;26(1):e97-e101. doi: 10.4317/medoral.24051. PMID: 33247575; PMCID: PMC7806348.  ​​​​​​https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7806348/#:~:text=Binaural%20beats%20and%20432%20Hz,432%20Hz%20music%2C%20dental%20anxiety.

216. Wide U, Hakeberg M. Treatment of Dental Anxiety and Phobia-Diagnostic Criteria and Conceptual Model of Behavioural Treatment. Dent J (Basel). 2021 Dec 17;9(12):153. doi: 10.3390/dj9120153. PMID: 34940050; PMCID: PMC8700242. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8700242/

217. Yo, Xin Hui; Shehabi, Zahra.  Effectiveness and safety of dentist-led conscious sedation using fentanyl with midazolam in dentistry: a five-year retrospective service evaluation. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-023-5889-3